Social Security Eligibility Rules: Can A Full-Time Homemaker Get Social Security?



When Social Security was first launched, most families only had one bread-earner, and only the working spouse entitled for retirement benefits. This caused financial difficulties for the spouse who didn't work (and hence didn't qualify for Social Security) if the working spouse passed away first. Thankfully the Social Security Administration recognized this hardship and amended the law to permit wives to collect benefits based on their husband's income.

The family dynamic has changed a lot since Social Security was introduced back in 1935, but there are still several families where one spouse does not work, and therefore does not qualify for retirement benefits based on their own earnings.

There are several requirements in order to qualify for Social Security retirement benefits, including:

- Age: In order to qualify for Social Security retirement benefits, you need to be at least age 62. Other benefits, like survivor benefits or disability benefits may be collected at an earlier age, but the Social Security eligibility criteria require you to be age 62 before you can apply for retirement benefits.

- Work Credits: You must work in a Social Security included job (i.e., where you contribute to Social Security through payroll tax deductions) for at least 40 credits to be eligible for retirement benefits. You can gain up to four credits per year; so essentially, you must work for 10 years to meet the criteria for Social Security.

- Citizenship or Residency Status: Many of us will be surprised to learn that you do not have to be a U.S. citizen to be eligible for Social Security retirement benefits. Workers who pay into the Social Security system may qualify for benefits even if they are not U.S. nationals, however they must stay in the U.S. to actually collect benefits.

And so... do spouses qualify for Social Security? Given the Social Security eligibility requirements listed above, most full-time housewives will not qualify for retirement benefits on their own, unless they worked for 10 years (40 credits) before they became a homemaker.

Alternatively, homemakers are entitled for benefits based on their spouse's earnings. Social Security spousal benefits help husbands and wives to receive retirement benefits based on their spouse's earnings if they result in a higher benefit than their own. To be more precise, a spouse who has not worked or who has significantly lower earnings than their husband or wife can receive up to as much as half of their spouse's entire retirement benefit.

Apart from spousal benefits, homemakers may also qualify for Social Security survivor benefits. Widows and widowers can start getting Social Security benefits based on their departed spouse's earnings beginning at age 60 (age 50 if they are disabled). Children of deceased workers who are below age 18 (19 if they are still in high school) may also qualify for survivor benefits. This is very helpful for families with small kids when the main bread earner dies at an early age.

While full-time homemakers who have never worked or who were working for less than 10 years generally won't qualify for Social Security retirement benefits on their own, as you can see, they may be eligible for benefits based on their husband's earnings. Note: while this report has assumed that the homemaker is female, Social Security is gender neutral, so men who choose to stay home to bring up the kids can also qualify for spousal and survivor benefits.

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